HTML Basics

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundation of every web page. It defines the structure and meaning of content on the web. Think of it as the “skeleton” of a site.

HTML works together with other languages and technologies:

• CSS – Styles and visually formats HTML elements (colors, layouts, fonts).
• JavaScript – Adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to HTML elements.
• Media – Embeds images, audio, video, and external resources inside HTML structure.
• Server-side Languages – HTML is often generated dynamically by back-end languages like PHP, Python, Java, or Node.js.

In short: HTML is the structure and content layer of the web.

CSS Basics

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) controls the presentation and design of web pages. It lets developers define how HTML elements should look — fonts, colors, spacing, layouts, and even animations.

CSS works in combination with:

• HTML – CSS selects HTML elements and applies styling rules to them.
• JavaScript – JS can change CSS styles dynamically, swap classes, or trigger animations.
• Frameworks – CSS works with libraries like Bootstrap or Tailwind that provide prebuilt styles and layouts.
• Preprocessors – Tools like SASS or LESS extend CSS with variables, nesting, and functions for easier styling.

In short: CSS is the design and styling layer of the web.